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It is impossible to form a virtuous and legal state without courts that are just, because the courts in an illegitimate state are also illegitimate..<\/p>\n
Adamantios Korais<\/p>\n\t\t\tAdamantios Korais<\/span><\/span>, using the penname \u1f08\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u1f10\u03ba \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/i> [Fearless of Marathon],<\/i> published the work \t\t\t\u03a3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i><\/b>[Military Trumpet],\u00a0\u00a0in 1801 in Paris \u2013and not in Alexandria, as written on the title page\u2013 linking the Greek call for liberation from the Ottoman rule with Napoleon\u2019s campaign in Egypt. The frontispiece features an engraving that depicts enslaved Greece as a woman in ragged attire, with her hands raised in supplication while the Ottoman oppressor stands beside her. In July 1821, with the Revolution in full force in Greece, the French translation of the work was published in Paris with the title \t\t\t\u03a3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd.<\/i> Appel aux Grecs<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>[Military Trumpet. Appeal to the Greeks] . In December 1821, Korais published a reprint of his work from 1801.<\/p>\n In 1802, Korais translated Cesare Beccaria\u2019s work \t\t\tDei delitti e delle pene<\/i><\/span><\/span> \u00a0under the title \t\t\t\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u1f09\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03c2<\/i> \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 [Concerning Crimes, and Punishments, the political ones]\u00a0\u00a0 and dedicated it \u201cTo the newly founded Greek Septinsular Republic\u201d. In 1823 he published an edited version of this edition using the new title \t\t\t\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u1f08\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd<\/i><\/span><\/span> [Concerning Crimes, and Punishments] and the dedication \u201cTo the future Judges of the Greeks\u201d . The translation of Beccaria\u2019s work by Korais is also included in the \t\t\tseries of publications<\/span><\/span> in the \u201cDeposit of Books\u201d which opened in 1829 in the building of the Aegina Orphanage and the libraries that were founded \u201cin each of the public schools of the state\u201d according to an edict of 1835.<\/p>\n On 6 January 1803, from the platform of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Observateurs de l\u2019Homme [Society of Observers of Man] Korais read his speech in French titled \t\t\tM\u00e9moire sur l'\u00e9tat actuel de la civilisation dans la Gr\u00e8ce<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 [Report on the present state of civilization in Greece] about the state of education in Greece. The text was published that year and reprinted by Korais in 1818, with the initial publication date . The Greek translation by Anastasios Konstantinidis was published in Athens in 1853 under the title \t\t\t\u1f59\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u1f71\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u1f71\u03b4\u03b9<\/i><\/span><\/span> [Report on the present state of civilization in Greece] .<\/p>\n The views expressed by Korais featured largely in articles written for journals of the pre-revolutionary period. For example, the article by Konstantinos Nikolopoulos in \t\t\t\u039c\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1<\/i><\/span><\/span> [Bee] in 1820, where the afterword to the M\u00e9moire <\/i>by Korais is reprinted, as well as the unsigned article in the journal \t\t\t\u1f19\u03c1\u03bc\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f41 \u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/i><\/b>[Learned Hermes] in 1821, which defended Korais and his views regarding education in Greece and the Greek language.<\/p>\n During the years of the Struggle, Petros Ipitis, member of Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends) and personal physician of Alexandros Ypsilantis, travelled to various cities of Europe, as depicted on his \t\t\tpassport<\/span><\/span>, \u00a0in order to establish communication with political and intellectual figures abroad and to secure their support. He also had a \t\t\tproclamation<\/span><\/span> <\/b>for the Greeks in Europe\u00a0 and a \t\t\tletter<\/span><\/span> <\/b>by Dimitrios Ypsilantis to Adamantios Korais, dating from April 1821, with the characteristic address: \u201cGreetings, Wise Elder and common Father of the Greeks [\u2026] Proclaim with your stentorian voice to the wise nations on earth the greatness of our rights\u201d.
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